A Guide to Literary Genres - Sykalo Eugen 2023

Neoclassicism

Definition: Literary style refers to the distinctive manner in which an author employs language, narrative techniques, and literary devices to convey their ideas and create a unique aesthetic in their written work. Neoclassicism is a literary and artistic movement that emerged in the 18th century as a reaction to the excesses of the Baroque period. Neoclassical literature emphasizes order, clarity, rationality, and a return to the aesthetic principles of classical antiquity, particularly those of ancient Greece and Rome.

Key Features of Neoclassicism in Literature:

1. Emphasis on Reason and Rationality: Neoclassical literature values reason and rational thought. Authors sought to present clear and logical arguments, often using balanced and structured language.

2. Imitation of Classical Models: Neoclassical writers sought inspiration from classical Greek and Roman literature. They often imitated the style, themes, and forms of classical works.

3. Clarity and Elegance: Neoclassical literature places importance on clear and elegant language. Authors aim for precision and avoid excessive ornamentation or extravagance.

4. Use of Form and Structure: Neoclassical works often adhere to established forms and structures, such as the use of sonnets, odes, and other poetic forms, as well as well-defined narrative structures in prose.

5. Moral and Didactic Content: Neoclassical literature often contains moral and didactic elements, aiming to instruct and educate the reader in matters of virtue, ethics, and proper conduct.

6. Objectivity and Detachment: Neoclassical authors strive for objectivity and detachment in their writing. They avoid overly personal emotions or subjective experiences, focusing instead on universal themes.

7. Rejection of Excess and Baroque Ornamentation: Neoclassicism contrasts with the excesses of the preceding Baroque period by promoting simplicity, clarity, and restraint in language and aesthetics.

Representatives of Neoclassical Literature:

1. Alexander Pope (1688—1744): An English poet known for his satirical works and use of heroic couplets. His "Essay on Criticism" and "The Rape of the Lock" exemplify neoclassical qualities.

2. Jonathan Swift (1667—1745): An Irish author famous for his satirical works such as "Gulliver's Travels," which uses the allegorical and rational qualities associated with neoclassicism.

3. Voltaire (1694—1778): A French writer and philosopher known for his wit, satire, and advocacy for reason. His novella "Candide" satirizes optimism and societal issues.

4. Jean Racine (1639—1699): A French dramatist whose tragedies, like "Phèdre," adhere to neoclassical principles by focusing on universal themes, structured forms, and moral lessons.

5. Molière (1622—1673): A French playwright known for his comedies that use satire and wit to critique social manners and hypocrisy. His play "Tartuffe" is a neoclassical work.

6. Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636—1711): A French poet and critic who articulated neoclassical principles in his work "Art Poétique," advocating for clear expression, balance, and adherence to established forms.

These representatives showcase the key features of neoclassical literature, highlighting its emphasis on rationality, imitation of classical models, moral instruction, and a rejection of excessive ornamentation.