A Guide to Literary Genres - Sykalo Eugen 2023
Surrealism
Definition: Literary style refers to the distinct and recognizable way in which an author uses language, narrative techniques, and literary devices to convey their ideas, themes, and aesthetic in their written work. Surrealism is a literary and artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century, emphasizing the exploration of the unconscious mind, dreamlike imagery, and the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated elements. Surrealist literature aims to break free from rational thought and conventional reality, inviting readers to experience a heightened state of imagination and emotional resonance.
Key Features of Surrealism in Literature:
1. Dreamlike Imagery: Surrealist literature utilizes dreamlike and fantastical imagery, often creating scenes and narratives that challenge the boundaries of reality and logic.
2. Automatism: Surrealist writers practice automatism, a technique where they write without conscious control or censorship, allowing the subconscious to dictate the content. This leads to spontaneous and unexpected associations.
3. Juxtaposition and Disruption: Surrealism frequently employs the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated elements, disrupting traditional narrative coherence and inviting readers to make new connections.
4. Subversion of Reality: Surrealist literature challenges conventional perceptions of reality, aiming to capture the irrational and chaotic aspects of the human psyche.
5. Exploration of the Unconscious: Surrealism delves into the depths of the unconscious mind, uncovering hidden desires, fears, and emotions that lie beneath the surface.
6. Absurdity and Paradox: Surrealist works often embrace absurdity and paradox, intentionally creating situations and narratives that defy logic and reason.
7. Visual and Textual Collisions: Surrealist literature may incorporate visual elements, such as collages or illustrations, to enhance the overall surreal experience of the text.
8. Emphasis on Emotion: Surrealist literature emphasizes emotional resonance and psychological impact over logical coherence, inviting readers to engage on a visceral and intuitive level.
Representatives of Surrealist Literature:
1. André Breton (1896—1966): A French poet and writer who was a key figure in the Surrealist movement. His manifesto "Manifesto of Surrealism" defined the movement's principles and objectives.
2. Paul Éluard (1895—1952): A French poet associated with Surrealism. His poem "Liberty" reflects his engagement with political and emotional themes.
3. René Char (1907—1988): A French poet known for his surrealist poetry that often explored themes of resistance, nature, and the subconscious.
4. Gala Dalí (1894—1982): A Russian writer and artist who wrote surrealist poetry and was the wife and muse of Salvador Dalí.
5. Leonora Carrington (1917—2011): An English-born Mexican artist and writer known for her surreal and fantastical stories that often feature magical and mythical elements.
6. Salvador Dalí (1904—1989): While primarily known as a visual artist, Dalí also wrote surreal stories and essays. His autobiography "The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí" employs surreal and imaginative language.
These representatives exemplify the key characteristics of Surrealism in literature, showcasing the movement's emphasis on the unconscious, dreamlike imagery, and the disruption of conventional reality to create a unique and evocative reading experience.