From Conflict to Identity: Main Issues Explored in US Literary Education - Sykalo Eugen 2023

What is the nature of the American Dream in “Death of a Salesman” by Arthur Miller?

In Arthur Miller's iconic play, "Death of a Salesman," the nature of the American Dream is dissected with profound depth and searing critique. Miller paints a vivid portrait of Willy Loman, a weary and disillusioned traveling salesman who is haunted by the elusive promise of the American Dream. Through Willy's tragic journey, Miller explores the dark underbelly of this idealized notion, exposing the destructive consequences of a society driven by material success and the relentless pursuit of the "American Dream."

At its core, the American Dream embodies the belief that through hard work, determination, and a bit of luck, anyone can achieve upward social mobility, financial prosperity, and a sense of fulfillment. It promises that success and happiness are within reach for all, regardless of one's social background or circumstances. However, in "Death of a Salesman," Miller challenges this ideal and exposes the inherent flaws and unrealistic expectations embedded within the American Dream.

Willy Loman, a middle-aged salesman, embodies the quintessential American Dream seeker. He tirelessly pursues success, striving to provide for his family and secure a comfortable future. Yet, as the play unfolds, it becomes evident that Willy's relentless pursuit of material wealth and societal validation has left him emotionally bankrupt and spiritually broken. The American Dream, as Willy sees it, is a fragile and elusive construct, perpetually out of reach and perpetuating a cycle of disillusionment and despair.

Miller's portrayal of Willy Loman serves as a poignant critique of a society that places excessive value on external markers of success. Willy is trapped in a culture that equates worth with financial achievement and material possessions. He is driven by the belief that being well-liked and having personal charisma will guarantee success, despite his lack of actual talent or substantial accomplishments. This delusion leads to his ultimate downfall, as Willy grapples with feelings of inadequacy and a pervasive sense of failure.

The American Dream, as depicted in "Death of a Salesman," is fraught with contradictions and illusions. It promises limitless opportunities, yet Willy is constantly confronted with the harsh reality of a competitive and unforgiving capitalist society. He finds himself overshadowed by colleagues who possess greater charisma or have mastered the art of manipulation. Willy's struggle to reconcile his aspirations with his limitations mirrors the inherent tension within the American Dream itself.

Moreover, Miller highlights the crushing weight of societal expectations and the corrosive impact they have on individuals. Willy is consumed by the pressure to conform to societal norms and live up to the expectations of others. He embodies the notion that success is not only measured by material wealth but also by social status and personal image. This relentless pursuit of external validation leads to a profound sense of alienation and the erosion of Willy's sense of self.

Through the character of Willy Loman, Miller exposes the dark side of the American Dream, revealing how it can perpetuate a culture of disillusionment, false values, and unattainable ideals. He challenges the notion that success and happiness are solely determined by financial achievements, emphasizing the importance of personal fulfillment, self-worth, and authentic human connections.

In the final moments of the play, Willy's tragic demise serves as a scathing critique of the American Dream's false promises and the toll it exacts on those who fall short of its lofty expectations. Miller invites the audience to question the very nature of the American Dream, to reevaluate its validity and the values it perpetuates.

The nature of the American Dream in "Death of a Salesman" is one of disillusionment, shattered illusions, and the crushing weight of societal expectations. Miller challenges us to reconsider our understanding of success and happiness, urging us to prioritize genuine fulfillment and meaningful human connections over the relentless pursuit of material wealth and status. Through Willy Loman's tragic narrative, he implores us to question the cost of the American Dream and the toll it takes on our collective humanity.