From Conflict to Identity: Main Issues Explored in US Literary Education - Sykalo Eugen 2023

Analyze the theme of identity, duality, and the nature of evil in Robert Louis Stevenson's “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”

The theme of identity, duality, and the nature of evil in Robert Louis Stevenson's timeless novella, "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," presents a thought-provoking exploration into the complex and often enigmatic realms of human nature. Published in 1886 during the Victorian era, this gothic tale ventures into the depths of the human psyche, revealing the inherent struggle between the civilized self and the darker, more primitive instincts that lie dormant within each individual.

At its core, the narrative delves into the multifaceted nature of human identity, questioning the boundaries between good and evil and the inherent duality present within every human soul. The character of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected and accomplished scientist, epitomizes the conflict that arises when one attempts to suppress or deny the darker aspects of their personality. Driven by a desire to separate the conflicting forces within him, Jekyll embarks upon a perilous journey to divide his identity, creating an alter ego in the form of Mr. Edward Hyde.

Through the dichotomy of Jekyll and Hyde, Stevenson skillfully explores the intrinsic duality that exists within all individuals. Jekyll embodies the socially acceptable and morally upright persona, representing the facade individuals often present to society. On the other hand, Hyde symbolizes the repressed desires, immoral inclinations, and unbridled id that lurk within the recesses of the human psyche. The physical transformation Jekyll undergoes when transitioning into Hyde serves as a tangible manifestation of the internal conflict between these opposing aspects of his identity.

Stevenson masterfully employs the physicality of Jekyll and Hyde to emphasize their contrasting natures. Jekyll is described as tall, handsome, and refined, presenting a visage that epitomizes respectability and virtue. In stark contrast, Hyde is depicted as grotesque, small in stature, with a deformed appearance that evokes a sense of repulsion and malevolence. This stark juxtaposition highlights the stark divide between the socially acceptable and the morally reprehensible, reinforcing the notion that one's true nature is often concealed behind a carefully constructed facade.

The theme of identity is further underscored through the narrative's examination of the transformative power of evil. As Jekyll willingly succumbs to his baser desires through his alter ego, he discovers an intoxicating freedom and release from societal constraints. However, as the story unfolds, Jekyll realizes that Hyde's unfettered existence comes at a great cost. The duality within his nature begins to consume him, leading to a loss of control and an overwhelming descent into darkness. The narrative thus serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating the dangers of repressing one's true nature and the potential consequences of indulging in unchecked desires.

The nature of evil itself becomes a prominent theme throughout the novella. Stevenson presents evil not as an external force but as an inherent aspect of human nature. Hyde, rather than being portrayed as a supernatural entity, is merely an embodiment of the darker impulses and vices that reside within Jekyll and, by extension, within all individuals. By personifying evil in the character of Hyde, Stevenson forces the reader to confront the uncomfortable truth that within each of us lies the potential for malevolence and depravity.

"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" serves as a compelling exploration of the human psyche, interrogating the themes of identity, duality, and the nature of evil. Stevenson skillfully exposes the inherent conflict that arises from attempting to suppress or deny the darker aspects of one's personality. Through the character of Dr. Jekyll and his alter ego, Mr. Hyde, the narrative unearths the profound struggle between societal expectations and the innate desires that reside within the human soul. By delving into the depths of this internal battle, Stevenson provides us with a cautionary tale that reminds us of the delicate balance between our civilized selves and the shadowy forces that dwell within.