From Conflict to Identity: Main Issues Explored in US Literary Education - Sykalo Eugen 2023

How does John Steinbeck depict the struggles of outcasts and outsiders in “Of Mice and Men”?

In the vast and enduring realm of American literature, few works capture the plight of the outcasts and outsiders with as much poignancy and depth as John Steinbeck's classic novella, "Of Mice and Men." Within its pages, Steinbeck deftly explores the struggles faced by those on the fringes of society, illuminating their hardships, dreams, and the profound human yearning for connection, acceptance, and purpose.

Set against the backdrop of the Great Depression, "Of Mice and Men" transports readers to the harsh realities of a California ranch, where itinerant workers, driven by economic desperation, eke out a meager existence. Through the lens of the compelling characters of George Milton and Lennie Small, Steinbeck paints a vivid portrait of the challenges faced by the marginalized and the impact of their circumstances on their dreams and sense of self-worth.

At the heart of the novella is the complex relationship between George and Lennie, two contrasting figures bound together by circumstance and shared dreams. George, a sharp-witted and pragmatic man, becomes the guardian and caretaker of Lennie, a physically powerful yet mentally challenged individual. Together, they navigate a world that is often hostile to their presence, relying on each other for companionship, protection, and a glimmer of hope.

Lennie's struggles, stemming from his limited mental capacity and childlike innocence, become emblematic of the challenges faced by the socially marginalized. Steinbeck portrays Lennie's yearning for acceptance and his desperate desire to belong with a tenderness that underscores the universal human longing for connection and understanding. Lennie's repeated refrain, "I want to tend the rabbits," serves as a poignant reminder of the dreams that sustain the marginalized, offering them solace and a sense of purpose in an unforgiving world.

Steinbeck delves into the nuanced dynamics of power, authority, and oppression, highlighting the ways in which the marginalized are exploited and devalued by those who hold positions of privilege. The character of Curley, the ranch owner's son, embodies the toxic masculinity and aggression that pervade the social hierarchy. Through his relentless bullying and persecution of Lennie, Steinbeck exposes the vulnerability and powerlessness experienced by those on the margins.

The portrayal of Crooks, the African-American stable buck, further expands the exploration of marginalization. Crooks, isolated both by his race and physical separation from the other workers, becomes a symbol of the pervasive racism and exclusion that defined the era. Steinbeck confronts the entrenched prejudices of the time, revealing the profound psychological impact of being treated as a perpetual outsider.

In his nuanced characterization, Steinbeck reveals the complexities of the marginalized experience. The yearning for friendship and belonging is palpable in the interactions between the characters, highlighting the universal human need for connection and the deep-seated loneliness that accompanies social exclusion. The dreams of a better life, shared by George and Lennie, serve as a source of solace and motivation, representing the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity.

The tragic climax of the novella exposes the harsh realities of a world that often crushes the hopes and dreams of the marginalized. The fateful consequences of Lennie's actions reveal the inherent vulnerability and precariousness of those who exist on the periphery of society, their dreams shattered by the weight of their circumstances.

"Of Mice and Men" stands as a masterful testament to John Steinbeck's ability to illuminate the struggles of outcasts and outsiders with profound compassion and insight. Through his vivid characters, evocative prose, and unflinching exploration of societal prejudices and power dynamics, Steinbeck invites readers to confront the profound human yearning for acceptance, connection, and dignity. The novella serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of empathy, understanding, and the recognition of our shared humanity, even in the face of overwhelming obstacles.